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An important aspect of macrophage biology highly influenced
2022-05-20
An important aspect of macrophage biology, highly influenced by HO-1 activity, is macrophage polarization. The broadest classification, based on the in vitro stimulation, surface marker expression, and inflammatory cytokines production, describes macrophages as classically activated, proinflammatory
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br S proteins and HBV
2022-05-20
S proteins and HBV-induced autophagy HBV surface proteins (S proteins or HBs) are reported to trigger HBV-induced autophagy by inducing ER stress and UPR in host Tylosin phosphate australia [22]. HBx and HBV-induced autophagy HBx is a multifunctional viral protein. It can regulate virus repl
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These agents can be divided into three categories
2022-05-20
These agents can be divided into three categories based upon the therapeutic agent conjugated to the antibody; the most frequently explored are ADCs using a cytotoxic agent to be delivered directly to the tumor site. The second class has not been broadly used and consists of radionucleotides (Wong e
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As previously discussed even though glucose
2022-05-20
As previously discussed, even though glucose is the major fuel of the brain, neuronal cells may use alternative fuels such as ketone bodies in metabolically challenging situations in which glucose availability is limited [6]. Ketogenesis takes place mainly in the liver, although astrocytes can also
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While a role for YAP TAZ signaling in oligodendrocytes has
2022-05-20
While a role for YAP/TAZ signaling in oligodendrocytes has not been described, these Propidium iodide are also responsive to mechanical stimuli. OPC proliferation and migration can be altered by plating on substrates of varying stiffness [20], resulting in differentiation in a density-dependent mann
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Antibiotic treatment suggests that cancer
2022-05-20
Antibiotic treatment suggests that cancer-promoting bacteria arise from the IOX 1 of Grp109a mice. How does the lack of Gpr109a signaling lead to expansion of potentially cancer-promoting bacteria? Is this phenomenon related to improper development of intestinal Treg cells? Biome with cancer-promot
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Panobinostat Naringin has been shown to have significant ant
2022-05-20
Naringin has been shown to have significant anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, glucolipid metabolic regulation, and myocardial protection effects (Gopinath et al., 2011, Gopinath and Sudhandiran, 2012), suggesting that it may mitigate ADC by inhibiting P2X7 receptors. In the present study, na
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Introduction Glycine Fig has two
2022-05-20
Introduction Glycine (Fig. 1; 1) has two pivotal functions as neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Firstly, it can act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter at inhibitory glycinergic synapses where it binds to the strychnine-sensitive glycine-A binding site on glycine receptors (GlyR)
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Glucose uptake a critical metabolic control point in glycoly
2022-05-19
Glucose uptake, a critical metabolic control point in glycolysis, is mediated by the GLUT (SLC2) family of integral membrane transporters (Mueckler and Thorens, 2013). GLUT1 (SLC2A1), one of the most well-studied members of the SLC2 family, exhibits a wide tissue distribution; cell surface expressio
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Rare mutations can impair the
2022-05-19
Rare mutations can impair the molecular function of GR and alter tissue sensitivity to GCs in humans, resulting in primary generalized GC resistance (PGGR) and hypersensitivity (PGGH) [14]. Familial and sporadic PGGR, or Chrousos Syndrome, is characterized by general and partial insensitivity of tis
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Phylogenetic analysis of the secretin like hormones yields p
2022-05-19
Phylogenetic analysis of the secretin-like hormones yields poorly supported trees due to the short length of their peptide sequences (Dores et al., 1996). However, phylogenetic analyses typically show that the secretin-like peptides encoded by the proglucagon (glucagon, GLP-1 and GLP-2) and GIP isoq
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The identification of distinct expression domains
2022-05-19
The identification of distinct expression domains in the limb suggested that these domains might have specific biological functions. We explored this possibility by determining enriched biological processes for each category using GO ontology term analysis (WebGestalt) (Zhang et al., 2005). Category
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The presented results speak for the direct effects
2022-05-19
The presented results speak for the direct effects of ghrelin on rat spermatozoa, which are accomplished by the activation of the GHSR-1a receptor. Thus, the results seem to be of physiological significance in vivo since ghrelin, the natural ligand of GHSR-1a, was found to be present in the seminal
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br Materials and methods br Chemical synthesis br Declaratio
2022-05-19
Materials and methods Chemical synthesis Declaration of interest Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute for General Medicine to K.W.M. (GM 58448) and by the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospi
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FFAs are essential nutritional molecules
2022-05-19
FFAs are essential nutritional molecules that can also modulate numerous cellular functions. Fatty glycine transporter derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes lysophosphatidic acid, spinhgosine-1-phosphate and others are well documented to carry out signal transduction via G-protein coupled r
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