• Functional enhancers are often composed of binding motifs

  2024-05-25

  

  Functional enhancers are often composed of binding motifs of multiple key transcription factors to confer spatial and temporal regulation of genes in a certain context. In the uterus, the difference between the number of genes that have associated PGR occupancy and that of progesterone responsive ge

• The functional significance of the cap residues with regard

  2024-05-25

  

  The functional significance of the cap residues with regard to the established role of PfA-M1 in hemoglobin catabolism in the food vacuole is a key question that is difficult to address with in vitro studies. We note that three of the dipeptide substrates used in our study are found in the sequences

• AhR is also known to cross

  2024-05-25

  

  AhR is also known to “cross-talk” with a variety of other cell signaling pathways, which has been the focus of a number of recent reviews [40], [41], [42]. It has long been known that TCDD is anti-estrogenic. For example, activation of AhR by TCDD and related HAHs inhibits estrogen dependent uterus

• br Role of OCT in

  2024-05-25

  

  Role of OCT3 in histamine clearance Histamine is a powerful neuromodulator, as well as a regulator of immune processes and vascular tone in the central nervous system (Gross, 1981; Haas et al., 2008; Jutel et al., 2006). In contrast to 5-HT and the catecholamines, a high-affinity transporter for

• The rank order of agonist potency in

  2024-05-25

  

  The rank order of agonist potency in turkey cardiac chambers demonstrated the predominant presence of the β-adrenergic receptor subtype, in line with the receptor classification by . However, a previous radioligand binding study in the left ventricles of 7-week old turkeys reported the existence of

• In recent years there have been further significant

  2024-05-24

  

  In recent years, there have been further significant developments that enhance an understanding of the role of adenosine in nociception. Thus, novel methods of recruiting adenosine A1Rs have been developed, and the role of adenosine A2A- and A3Rs in nociception has been further elaborated. Furthermo

• br New AMPK activators Fenofibrate is

  2024-05-24

  

  New AMPK activators Fenofibrate is a drug of the fibrate class used for the treatment of dyslipidemia [53] but is also an agent that could alleviate DN-induced alterations through AMPK activation (Fig. 2). Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with fenofibrate improved in not only renal fu

• It has been reported that leukotrienes and their

  2024-05-24

  

  It has been reported that leukotrienes and their receptors, e.g. the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) may promote Empagliflozin injury (Ding et al., 2007) and that increased 5-LOX expression and activity lead to production of brain-toxic molecules (Khan et al., 2010). However, differential

• In addition to pH regulation

  2024-05-24

  

  In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa

• In our studies of leucine

  2024-05-24

  

  In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic islets and clonal insulin cell lines, we noticed that leucine was a slightly stronger stimulant of insulin release. Previous studies showed that leucine can be metabolized to CO2[11], [12], [13], [14] and can increase acetoacetate in pancreatic islets

• Two parallel branches of the

  2024-05-24

  

  Two parallel branches of the DNA damage-dependent S-phase checkpoint are thought to co-operate by inhibiting distinct steps of DNA replication. One branch includes the phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1), a cohesin that is activated by ATM or ATR after IR treatment or

• Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity

  2024-05-24

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• br Experimental Section br Results and Discussion br Conclus

  2024-05-24

  

  Experimental Section Results and Discussion Conclusions The advantages of the novel enzymo-chemical method for Mn and Co assay are simplicity of analytical procedure and economic effect due to the usage of only one enzyme in the form of apo-enzyme. An effectiveness of the apo-arginase-based

• In Antirrhinum floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS

  2024-05-24

  

  In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is

• Prostate cell growth and prostate carcinogenesis

  2024-05-24

  

  Prostate cell growth and prostate carcinogenesis are not only mediated by androgens, they are also dependent on functional insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF1R) signaling. Previous studies addressed this issue and reported a correlation between high insulin

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