• In addition to pH regulation

  2024-05-24

  

  In addition to pH regulation by ion (counter-) fluxes, acidification is regulated by the abundance of V-ATPase on organelles, by the pumping activity of the complex and by proton leakage. In yeast, the V-ATPase VO subunit a is the only subunit expressed in two isoforms termed Stv1p and Vph1p. V-ATPa

• In our studies of leucine

  2024-05-24

  

  In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic islets and clonal insulin cell lines, we noticed that leucine was a slightly stronger stimulant of insulin release. Previous studies showed that leucine can be metabolized to CO2[11], [12], [13], [14] and can increase acetoacetate in pancreatic islets

• Two parallel branches of the

  2024-05-24

  

  Two parallel branches of the DNA damage-dependent S-phase checkpoint are thought to co-operate by inhibiting distinct steps of DNA replication. One branch includes the phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1), a cohesin that is activated by ATM or ATR after IR treatment or

• Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity

  2024-05-24

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• br Experimental Section br Results and Discussion br Conclus

  2024-05-24

  

  Experimental Section Results and Discussion Conclusions The advantages of the novel enzymo-chemical method for Mn and Co assay are simplicity of analytical procedure and economic effect due to the usage of only one enzyme in the form of apo-enzyme. An effectiveness of the apo-arginase-based

• In Antirrhinum floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS

  2024-05-24

  

  In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is

• Prostate cell growth and prostate carcinogenesis

  2024-05-24

  

  Prostate cell growth and prostate carcinogenesis are not only mediated by androgens, they are also dependent on functional insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF1R) signaling. Previous studies addressed this issue and reported a correlation between high insulin

• It is noteworthy to mention the limitations of this study

  2024-05-23

  

  It is noteworthy to mention the limitations of this study like tPA plus LB1 treatment beyond 4 h after stroke was not investigated. Especially 6 or 8 h after stroke could be studied in future projects for translational purposes. Second drawback might be that we performed the experiments in different

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2024-05-23

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Currently, adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Activating mutations and translocations with a potential for targeted therapy are reported predominantly in non-smokers. ALK rearrangement is found in less than 5% of u

• Although several studies indicate that ALDH protects the hea

  2024-05-23

  

  Although several studies indicate that ALDH2 protects the heart from injury and maladaptive remodeling (reviewed in [11], [12], [13]), accumulating evidence indicates that deficiency of the enzyme could be protective as well. For example, mice expressing the defective Aldh2*2 mutation show lower ald

• The binding of TQ to

  2024-05-23

  

  The binding of TQ to hsALDH changes the characteristic substance p spectrum of the enzyme. Therefore, TQ forms a complex with hsALDH and changes its absorption properties [39]. Ksv and Kb values indicate that the binding of TQ to hsALDH is very strong and of the order of static binding (complex form

• br Role of OCT in

  2024-05-23

  

  Role of OCT3 in histamine clearance Histamine is a powerful neuromodulator, as well as a regulator of immune processes and vascular tone in the central nervous system (Gross, 1981; Haas et al., 2008; Jutel et al., 2006). In contrast to 5-HT and the catecholamines, a high-affinity transporter for

• In vivo CA mediate hypoxic nutritional

  2024-05-23

  

  In vivo CA mediate hypoxic, nutritional, and neurologic stress responses. Stimulation of ADRα2A by these hormones to reduce β-cell metabolism has an obvious role in suppressing insulin secretion (Arun, 2004). Since β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion are linked, mechanisms that inhibit metabolis

• To this the evidence of opposite effects of

  2024-05-23

  

  To this, the evidence of opposite effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline on the striatal firing initiation (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) should not be ignored, because the striatum is related to controlling action timing by regulating the firing increase rate (Tanaka and Kunimatsu, 2011). Although the ligand su

• AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase

  2024-05-23

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

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