• Contradictory results have been described regarding

  2021-12-21

  

  Contradictory results have been described regarding the role of the Shh pathway during vertebrate skeletal myogenesis. Different studies have shown that Shh can increase or inhibit myoblasts proliferation and terminal muscle differentiation, depending on the experimental model [[1], [2], [3], [4], [

• br Ghrelin interactions with the opioid system The

  2021-12-21

  

  Ghrelin interactions with the opioid system The endogenous opioid system is an important regulator of appetite and metabolism (Bodnar, 2017, Nogueiras et al., 2012). In fact, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that agonists of the three opioid receptors (mu, kappa, and delta) incre

• It is noted that knee swelling was milder

  2021-12-21

  

  It is noted that knee swelling was milder and the intensity of IL-4 staining (MFI) in the vehicle-treated group was lower in the second (Fig. 7a and d) than the first (Figs. 1a and 3f) AIA experiment. The variation in joint swelling between the two studies is most likely due to the models being perf

• The binding of DHAP to aldolase resulted in

  2021-12-21

  

  The binding of DHAP to aldolase resulted in a dramatic decrease of aldolase affinity to FBPase – KAapp was reduced more than 100 times. The dependence of the complex activity versus increasing DHAP concentration was biphasic (Fig. 3a). Supposedly, the first phase of the curve represents the state in

• br Materials and methods All studies were performed in

  2021-12-21

  

  Materials and methods All studies were performed in 230–250g timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (Harlan, Indianapolis, Indiana). Animals were housed in a temperature controlled room with a 12:12 light:dark cycle. All experimental procedures in this study were in accordance with the National Insti

• Adenosine 5-monophosphate Receptor activator of NF B ligand

  2021-12-21

  

  Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulate the generation of osteoclast Adenosine 5-monophosphate [10], [11], [12], [13]. In response to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, osteoclasts then attach to regions of bone undergoing resorpti

• AD is a major neurological disorder usually effecting the el

  2021-12-20

  

  AD is a major neurological disorder, usually effecting the elderly population, which is difficult to diagnose until symptoms begin to accumulate. As of 2013, approximately five million Americans were living with AD. The number with this disease is projected to be 16 million by 2050 (Hebert et al., 2

• br Acknowledgments The breast cancer laboratory is supported

  2021-12-20

  

  Acknowledgments The breast cancer laboratory is supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grants no. 1016701, no. 1024852, no. 1086727; NHMRC IRIISS; the Victorian State Government through VCA funding of the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium and Op

• HER genotype was determined in breast cancer tissue of breas

  2021-12-20

  

  HER2 genotype was determined in breast cancer tissue of 73 breast cancer patients. As previously reported, Ile655Val and Ala1170Pro genotypes measured in breast cancer tissues were available for 71 and 69 breast cancer patients, respectively. Briefly, 77.5% (55/71) of patients were homozygous for th

• It is becoming increasingly apparent

  2021-12-20

  

  It is becoming increasingly apparent that membrane lipids play a critical role in modulating and regulating protein function. For example, embedding the homologous SLC1 transporter GltPh in a POPE bilayer allowed a third Na+ binding site to be identified from MD simulations [42], and the binding ene

• Epidemiological studies revealed that vitamin D deficiency w

  2021-12-20

  

  Epidemiological studies revealed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (Annweiler et al., 2013; Knekt et al., 2010), dementia and cognitive function impairment (Balio

• Despite potent biological actions the native

  2021-12-20

  

  Despite potent biological actions, the native hormone undergoes degradation by the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) [17] and is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by renal filtration [18]. One such approach to prolong the biological half-life of GIP is through conjugation with a polyethylene

• Similarly Somavarapu and Kepp constructed a

  2021-12-20

  

  Similarly, Somavarapu and Kepp [29] constructed a PS1 homology model using 4HYG as a template, plus modeling the TM6-TM7 intracellular segment (amino acids 273 to 374). In this study, the authors considered for the first time the mature and immature (not autoproteolyzed) forms of PS1 component, sinc

• The orientation of the immobilized enzyme

  2021-12-20

  

  The orientation of the immobilized enzyme may affect its activity and stability and therefore the final biocatalyst performance. Since proteins present areas more prone to unfolding in their surface or near to it [36], the immobilization through these areas may improve the final biocatalyst stabilit

• RDL is of interest as

  2021-12-20

  

  RDL is of interest as it is the target of highly effective insecticides (Buckingham et al., 2005, Raymond-Delpech et al., 2005). Point mutations, particularly an alanine to serine or glycine mutation in TM2, underlie resistance to several insecticides, including dieldrin, picrotoxinin and fipronil (

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